What are common indications of a surgical site infection?

The signs and symptoms associated with a surgical site infection primarily include redness, warmth, swelling, pus drainage, and increased pain at the site of the surgery. These manifestations occur due to the body's inflammatory response to infection, which results in an increase in blood flow to the area, causing redness and warmth, alongside swelling from fluid accumulation. The presence of pus indicates purulent material, a hallmark of bacterial infection, suggesting that the surgical site is not healing properly. Additionally, increased pain is commonly experienced as inflammation and irritation of the surrounding tissues occur. Recognizing these specific signs is vital for timely intervention, which can prevent further complications following surgery.

Other symptoms such as fever and chills can be associated with infections but are not exclusive to surgical site infections and may indicate systemic involvement. Dehydration and disorientation are generally related to different medical conditions rather than localized infections at surgical sites. Bruising can occur postoperatively due to trauma or surgical manipulation but is not a direct indicator of infection. Understanding these distinctions helps in the accurate assessment and management of patients who have undergone surgery.