What does the acronym "ABC" stand for in patient assessment?

The acronym "ABC" in patient assessment stands for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. This sequence is fundamental in providing a systematic approach to assessing and managing a patient's critical condition, particularly in emergency situations.

Airway refers to ensuring that the patient’s airway is clear and unobstructed, which is vital for effective ventilation and oxygenation. If the airway is compromised, interventions such as positioning or airway management techniques need to be employed immediately.

Breathing focuses on assessing the patient’s ability to ventilate effectively, which involves checking for the presence of breath sounds and the effort required to breathe. Adequate breathing is critical to ensure that oxygen is delivered to the tissues and carbon dioxide is properly exhaled.

Circulation relates to evaluating the patient's hemodynamic status, including pulse, blood pressure, and the presence of perfusion by checking capillary refill and skin temperature. This assessment is crucial to determine if the patient is stable or in shock, which may require prompt intervention.

Together, these three components form a priority sequence that is essential in emergency care and advanced life support settings, enabling healthcare providers to make quick and effective decisions to address life-threatening situations.